@Article{PinheiroEsVaHoGoMu:2016:BRReSo,
               author = "Pinheiro, Taise Farias and Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral and 
                         Valeriano, Dalton de Morisson and Hostert, P. and Gollnow, F. and 
                         Muller, H.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Humboldt-Universit{\"a}t zu 
                         Berlin} and {Humboldt-Universit{\"a}t zu Berlin} and 
                         {Humboldt-Universit{\"a}t zu Berlin}",
                title = "Forest degradation associated with logging frontier expansion in 
                         the Amazon: The BR-163 region in southwestern Par{\'a}, Brazil",
              journal = "Earth Interactions",
                 year = "2016",
               volume = "20",
                pages = "17",
                month = "July",
             keywords = "Geographic location/entity, Amazon region, Observational 
                         techniques and algorithms, Data mining, Remote sensing, 
                         Applications, Deforestation.",
             abstract = "Forest degradation is the long-term and gradual reduction of 
                         canopy cover due to forest fire and unsustainable logging. A 
                         critical consequence of this process is increased atmospheric 
                         carbon emissions. Although this issue is gaining attention, forest 
                         degradation in the Brazilian Amazon has not yet been properly 
                         addressed. The claim here is that this process is not constant 
                         throughout Amazonia and varies according to colonization 
                         frontiers. Moreover, the accurate characterization of degradation 
                         requires lengthy observation periods to track gradual forest 
                         changes. The forest degradation process, the associated timeframe, 
                         spatial patterns, trajectories, and extent were characterized in 
                         the context of the Amazon frontiers of the 1990s using 28 years 
                         (1984-2011) of annual Landsat images. Given the large database and 
                         the characteristic of logging and burning, this study used data 
                         mining techniques and cell approach classification to analyze the 
                         spatial patterns and to construct associated trajectories. 
                         Multi-temporal analysis indicated that forest degradation in the 
                         last two decades has caused as many interannual landscape changes 
                         as have clear-cuts. In addition, selective logging, as a major 
                         aspect of forest degradation, affected a larger amount of forest 
                         land than did forest fire. Although a large proportion of logged 
                         forest was deforested in the following years, selective logging 
                         did not always precede complete deforestation. Instead, the 
                         results indicate that logged forests were abandoned for 
                         approximately 4 years before clearance. Throughout the forest 
                         degradation process, there were no recurrent forest fires, and 
                         loggers did not revisit the forest. Forest degradation mostly 
                         occurred as a result of a single selective logging event and was 
                         associated with low-intensity forest damage.",
                  doi = "10.1175/EI-D-15-0016.1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-15-0016.1",
                 issn = "1087-3562",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "pinheiro_forest.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}